Mastering Exception Handling in Python

Exception handling is a critical aspect of writing robust Python programs. It allows you to manage errors gracefully and maintain the normal flow of your application.

Understanding Exceptions

An exception is an error that occurs during the execution of a program. If not handled, it terminates the program.

Basic try-except Block

try:
    # Code that may raise an exception
except ExceptionType:
    # Code to handle the exception

Example: Handling FileNotFoundError

try:
    file = open('nonexistent.txt', 'r')
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("File not found.")

Using finally Block

The finally block executes regardless of whether an exception occurred:

try:
    file = open('data.txt', 'r')
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    print("Execution complete.")

Raising Exceptions

You can raise exceptions using the raise keyword:

if age < 0:
    raise ValueError("Age cannot be negative.")

Conclusion

Exception handling ensures that your Python programs can handle unexpected situations without crashing. Proper use of try-except blocks enhances the reliability of your code.

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